10 Common Orthopedic Problems and How to Prevent Them

Pain in the knee, back, neck, or shoulder is common, but most can be treated effectively with early intervention.. Have you ever wondered what orthopedic care is and how it can help you? This guide explains the most frequent orthopedic issues, how to avoid them, and when to visit a specialist.

What Are Orthopedic Problems and Why Are They Common?

Orthopedics deals with bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Factors that commonly cause orthopedic problems include ageing, poor posture, excess screen time, low physical activity, injuries, and weight gain.

To answer the question, what is an orthopedic doctor? An orthopedic doctor is a specialist who diagnoses and treats conditions ic-related to the bones, joints, muscles, such as sprains, fractures, and arthritis, using medication, therapy, or surgery when required. Early attention helps you stay active and independent.

10 Most Common Orthopedic Problems

Bone, joint, and muscle conditions are among the most frequent reasons for doctor visits in India. These issues can affect people of all ages, from everyday aches to long-term conditions like arthritis..

Studies suggest that low back pain is the most common orthopedic issue, affecting nearly one in four individuals (25.9%), followed by tendon and joint attachment disorders (18.3%) and bone fractures (11%).

Early care and prevention can be achieved by understanding what causes these conditions. Here are some of the most common orthopedic problems/issues:

Osteoarthritis

A long-term joint condition in which the cartilage wears down, causing stiffness, swelling, and pain, especially in the knees and hips. It is common in older adults due to natural wear and tear but may worsen with obesity, past injury, or genetics. Osteoarthritis affects around 22–39% of India’s population, with a higher rate among older women.

Back Pain

Pain or stiffness in the lower or middle back caused by muscle strain, disc problems, or poor posture. A sedentary lifestyle, prolonged desk work, and incorrect posture add stress to the spine.

Neck Pain

Pain or stiffness in the neck that sometimes spreads to the shoulders or arms. Frequent mobile or computer use, poor sleeping posture, and age-related wear like cervical spondylosis are common triggers.

Shoulder Problems

Injuries like rotator cuff tears, frozen shoulder, or tendon inflammation that cause pain and restrict movement. These occur due to repetitive overhead motions (painting, sports like badminton) or ageing-related tendon wear.

Knee Ligament and Meniscus Injuries

Damage to the knee’s ligaments (like the ACL) or the cushioning cartilage (meniscus). Common in sports, accidents, or physical strain from squatting or running.

Tennis and Golfer’s Elbow

Inflammation of the tendons around the elbow joint causing pain and weakness. It develops from repetitive forearm muscle use during sports, typing, or wrist movements.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the median nerve at the wrist leads to tingling, numbness, or weakness in the hand. It can result from prolonged keyboard use, repetitive wrist motion, or health conditions like diabetes or thyroid disorders.

Plantar Fasciitis

Inflammation of the plantar fascia (a tissue band under the foot), causing heel pain. Seen in people who stand long hours, wear unsupportive footwear, or are overweight.

Osteoporosis-Related Fractures

Fragile bones that break easily due to reduced bone density, often in the spine, hip, or wrist. More common in elderly women after menopause because of lower calcium and bone density.

Disc Herniation & Sciatica

A slipped or herniated disc that presses on nerves, leading to back and leg pain. Common causes include ageing discs, improper lifting, or long-term poor posture. For expert evaluation and advanced spine care, you can consult our best orthopedic specialists in Velappancavadi. 

Can orthopedic problems be cured without surgery?

Often, yes. Several common orthopedic conditions improve with:

•       Physiotherapy and exercises (for mobility, strength, and balance).
•       Modifying activities at work and home; using correct ergonomics.
•       Medication as advised by the doctor.
•       Hot/cold therapy, supports or braces.
•       Injections in selected cases.

Surgery is considered only when symptoms persist or limit daily function despite non-surgical treatment

How to Prevent Orthopedic Problems in Daily Life

Adopt these simple habits to protect your joints and bones:

•       Stay active: 1.5 hours/week of brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.
•       Build strength and flexibility: 2–3 sessions/week focusing on legs, core, and shoulders.
•       Eat Well: Maintain a healthy weight; include protein, calcium, and vitamin D.
•       Practice screen hygiene: Keep screens at eye level; take frequent micro-breaks.
•       Choose proper footwear: Use cushioned, supportive shoes for everyday and workouts.
•       Exercise smart: Learn correct techniques and progress gradually in sports or fitness.

For guidance, visit our Orthopedics and Physiotherapy Departments at Dr. Mehta’s Hospitals, Chennai.

When should you consult an orthopedic doctor?

See a specialist if you experience:

•       Pain or swelling lasting over two weeks.
•       Night pain, stiffness, or movement difficulty.
•       Persistent discomfort after a fall or injury.
•       Weakness or numbness in your arms or legs.

Early consultation helps prevent small problems from turning into major ones.

Meet Our Orthopedic Experts:

• Dr. Navin Balasubramanian:  Leading orthopedic surgeon in Chennai with expertise in trauma, joint replacement, and minimally invasive procedures.
• Dr. Pradeep Kumar K: Specializes in bone, joint, and sports injury management.
• Dr. Clington J. Fernando: Experienced trauma and orthopedic specialist offering both surgical and non-surgical treatments.

Patients trust Dr. Mehta’s Hospitals, one of the best multispeciality hospitals in Chennai, for its advanced orthopedic care and experienced doctors.

The majority of bone and joint problems can be treated with early intervention. Knowing what orthopedic care is and making early choices will keep you pain-free.

 Not sure where to begin? Schedule a meeting with our top experienced doctors, and we will customize a plan that suits your objective and life.

FAQs

1) What is orthopedic care in simple words?
Care that focuses on bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons — including diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

2) Are all orthopedic problems surgical?
No. Many can be managed with physiotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Surgery is needed only for specific cases.

3) Which activities are safest for joint health?
Walking, cycling, swimming, light strength training, and regular stretching.

4) How do I know if my knee pain is serious?
If pain lasts more than two weeks, or your knee swells, locks, or gives way, see a specialist.

5) Can I exercise with back pain?
Gentle movement helps most people. Start with walking and guided core exercises, and seek medical advice if pain persists.