Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a disorder in which the ovaries create an excess of androgens, male sex hormones that are normally present in tiny amounts in women. An array of cysts (fluid-filled sacs) develops on the ovaries in polycystic ovarian syndrome. However, in some cases, women with this disorder do not develop cysts, whereas others who do not have the disorder end up with cysts in ovaries.
During ovulation, a mature egg is produced from the ovary. This occurs so that it can be fertilized by a male sperm. An unfertilized egg is expelled from the women’s body during their period.
In some instances, a woman does not produce enough of the hormones required to ovulate. When ovulation fails, the ovaries can develop a slew of small cysts. These cysts cause the production of androgens, which are male hormones. Women with Polycystic ovary syndrome frequently have elevated levels of androgens. This can aggravate a woman’s menstruation periods. It can also end up causing several of the symptoms of Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Medication is commonly used to treat Polycystic ovary syndrome; while it does not cure the condition, it can substantially lower symptoms and prevent a few health problems.
What Causes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
The exact cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome hasn’t been identified, however, among the factors that could play a role in the development of this disorder are:
Excessive Insulin Release
Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that enables cells to use sugar, the body’s primary source of energy. If the cells become more resistant to insulin’s action, the blood sugar levels could rise, and the body may produce more insulin. Excess insulin may significantly raise androgen production, causing ovulation problems.
Low-Grade Inflammation
This term refers to the production of substances by white blood cells in order to fight infection. According to research, women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have a type of low-grade inflammatory response that induces polycystic ovaries to release androgens, which can lead to heart and blood vessel problems.
Heredity
According to research, certain genes may be linked to women developing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Excess Production of Androgen
Excessive levels of androgen hormone levels in the ovaries can lead to the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in women, it also results in the development of hirsutism and acne.
What Are the Dangers Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
If a person’s mother or sister has Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, they are far more likely to have it themselves. They may be more prone to it when they are obese or have insulin resistance.
What are the signs and symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
Among the symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are:
- Periods that are irregular, missed, or mild
- Enlarged ovaries or ovaries with a high number of cysts
- Excessive body hair, particularly on the chest, tummy, and back (hirsutism)
- Increased body fat, particularly around the abdominal region (abdomen)
- Acne-prone or oily skin
- Androgenetic alopecia or hair thinning
- Infertility
- Excess skin on the neck or armpits in smaller fragments (skin tags)
- Patches of dark or thick skin on the nape of the neck, inside the armpits, under the breasts
What is the procedure for diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
A person’s medical history and symptoms will be discussed with their health care provider. A physical examination may also be requested by the doctor. This will almost certainly include a pelvic exam to assess the health of the reproductive system both inside and outside the body.
Some Polycystic Ovary Syndrome symptoms are similar to those of other health issues. As a result, the person may be required to take tests such as:
Ultrasound
This test employs sound waves and a computer to generate images of blood vessels, organs, and tissues. This test is used to determine the size of ovaries and whether they have cysts. The test can also assess the thickness of the uterine lining (endometrium).
Blood Tests
This is used to detect the presence of elevated levels of androgens as well as other hormones. The primary care physician may also check blood glucose levels and request that cholesterol and triglyceride levels be checked.
How to treat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
A variety of factors influence treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. These factors can include an individual’s age, the severity of symptoms, and overall health. The type of treatment chosen may also be determined by the individual’s desire to become pregnant at some point in the future.
If they intend to get pregnant, they may be given the following treatment:
Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications
A healthy diet and exercising regularly can assist in weight loss and symptom reduction. It can also improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood sugar levels, and aid in ovulation.
Ovulation inducing medications
Medications can aid in the normal release of eggs by the ovaries. Certain risks are also associated with these medications. They can increase the likelihood of having multiple children (twins or more), as well as cause Ovarian Hyperstimulation, a condition wherein the ovaries produce an abnormally high amount of hormones. Symptoms like abdominal bloating and pelvic pain can also be caused by medications.
If the individual does not intend to become pregnant, their treatment may include the following:
Pills for Birth Control
These can aid in the control of menstrual cycles, the reduction of androgen levels, and the reduction of acne.
Diabetes Treatment
Medications are frequently used to reduce insulin resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. It may also significantly minimize androgen levels, slow the growth of unwanted hair, and promote more regular ovulation.
Diet and Workout Modifications
A healthy diet and increased physical activity can assist in weight loss and symptom reduction. It can also aid in the body’s insulin management, lower blood sugar levels, and aid in ovulation.
Other Symptom-Relief Medications
Other symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, such as unwanted hair growth or acne, can be treated with these medications.
What Are the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Complications?
Women who have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are more likely to develop certain serious health problems. These difficulties include:
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Blood Pressure Is Too High
- Issues Involving the Cardiovascular System
- Cancer of the Uterus
Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome frequently Struggle with Their Ability to Have Children (Fertility).
Living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A few women struggle with physical ailments of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome – for example, excess weight, undesirable facial and body hair, and acne. Cosmetic treatment options such as electrolysis and laser treatments may help them feel more confident about their appearance. Consult a doctor about the best ways of treating these symptoms or book an appointment with us at Dr. Mehta’s Hospital.