A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway that connects two organs or vessels that do not usually connect. They can develop anywhere between an intestine and the skin, between the vagina and the rectum, and other places. The most common location for a fistula is around the anus.
TYPES OF FISTULAS:
ANAL FISTULAS/PERIANAL FISTULAS.
Abnormal connection between the epithelialized surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin.
Anorectal Fistula occurs between the anal canal and the skin around the anal opening.
Rectovaginal or Anovaginal Fistula occurs when a hole develops between the rectum or anus and the vagina.
Colovaginal Fistula occurs between the colon and the vagina.
URINARY TRACT FISTULAS.
Abnormal openings within a urinary tract organ or an abnormal connection between a urinary tract organ and another organ.
Vesicouterine fistula occurs between the bladder and the uterus.
Vesicovaginal fistula is where a hole develops between the bladder and the vagina.
Urethrovaginal fistula is between the urethra and the vagina.
OTHER TYPES.
Enteroenteral fistula occurs between two parts of the intestine.
Enterocutaneous or Colocutaneous fistula occurs between the small intestine and the skin or the colon and the skin respectively.
Left untreated, fistulas can be traumatic, debilitating, and can do additional harm to your body. Nerve damage, infection, and kidney failure are associated with fistulas.
WHAT CAUSES A FISTULA?
The most common cause of fistulas is childbirth and obstructed labor that is left unrelieved. While the incidence of fistulas due to complicated births, other causes can create this troublesome condition. Crohn’s disease and diverticular disease are well known to cause fistula formation. In addition, those who are undergoing radiation therapy are at greater risk for a variety of fistulas.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF FISTULAS?
Depending on the type of fistula, here are some telltale sign
- Constant urine leakage from the vagina
- Irritation in the external female genital organs
- Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Leakage of gas and/or feces into the vagina
- Fluid drainage from the vagina
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
If you have one or more of these symptoms, be sure to promptly discuss them with a healthcare provider.